To replicate:

Download and install msoledbsql

msiexec /i msoledbsql.msi ADDLOCAL=ALL IACCEPTMSOLEDBSQLLICENSETERMS=YES

Create localdb servers

SQLLocalDB create a
SQLLocalDB create b 

In SSMS link servers using:

EXEC sp_addlinkedserver @server = '(localdb)\a', @datasrc = '(localdb)\a', @provider = 'MSOLEDBSQL', @srvproduct = ''

Create a dummy db and table in linked server.

CREATE DATABASE a;
USE [a]
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestTable](
    [id] [int] NULL
)

Attempt to query from the other

SELECT * FROM [(localdb)\a].a.[dbo].[TestTable]

Output

Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MS DTC) has stopped this transaction.