I think the issue java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent'. has been addressed in several posts, but my circumstances are different. I am testing a 3rd party mobile app (so adding the android:exported="true" is out of the question), using Appium v1.15.1.

1st Scenario : Connect to a real device (mobile and tablet). Using Appium, I cannot start session to replicate the app in order to check for the element's location. Appium logs shows this issue java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent

2nd Scenario : COnnect to emulator (LDPLayer4). Using Appium I can start session and the mobile app is replicated in Appium. I can start to check the elements' locator.

I am just wondering what causes the behaviour in scenario 1.